Optical systems is a field of academic inquiry and engineering concerned with the design, analysis, and characterization of configurations of optical components that interact with light. This domain investigates the principles governing the propagation, manipulation, and detection of electromagnetic radiation in the optical spectrum, focusing on the performance of assemblies such as lenses, mirrors, prisms, and diffractive elements. Its significance is fundamental to the development of technologies across diverse fields, including imaging, telecommunications, sensing, and manufacturing.